<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
		>
<channel>
	<title>Comments on: Informed Consent</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/</link>
	<description></description>
	<lastBuildDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2011 15:14:32 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=3.3.1</generator>
	<item>
		<title>By: Michelle</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-93</link>
		<dc:creator>Michelle</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 04 May 2011 00:57:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-93</guid>
		<description>Annabell, I&#039;m sorry to hear that your baby was so sick at such a young age, I can imagine it must have been very stressful for you, however before you lay blame I really think you need to do a bit more research, I am happy to help you out there.

First something to consider is the fact that the rates of vaccination against whooping cough in this country and Australia, and USA (where they are having their biggest outbreaks of whooping cough since vaccination started...) are the highest they have ever been in the history of each country. 

Please feel free to check out what I&#039;m about to say, with either a medical text, or your doctor:

For a baby to show symptoms of whooping cough at four weeks of age, they have to have been exposed to whooping cough at or just after birth.  Why?  because this is how whooping cough is caught:

1) Exposure and a few days to incubate.

2) What seems like a mild cold for about a week, which then disappears. Everyone relaxes...

3) A few days later a cough starts, which seems like nothing, but steadily gets worse.

4) Diagnosis is usually made a couple of weeks into the coughing when the parents realise that this isn&#039;t just a little inconvenient cough about to disappear, so this is when most parents go for help, and four weeks after exposure is about the usual time frame to diagnosis.

This information is recognised in the government handbook on pertussis: http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagesmh/4617/$File/2006-06pertussis.pdf 

So.. if your baby was DIAGNOSED with whooping cough at four weeks, then the first exposure of your baby to whooping cough was around the time of birth.  If your baby was born in hospital, then that&#039;s the place to catch whooping cough as this news item points out:

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/18/3041031.htm

Now here&#039;s a link for you, to an article on whooping cough in New Zealand written last year: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1313/4080/

Study it please.  Yes pertussis vaccination was available in 1945, and maximum uptake by 1955 when it was discontinued due to the polio, was 9% uptake.  Big deal.

As Grant&#039;s graph shows in the article, even as the numbers of vaccinations have increased, and the ages at which they have been administered have been brought closer and closer to birth, the rate of whooping cough has gone UP.  In the 60&#039;s it was 102/100,000 person years. Now it&#039;s over 300/100,000.  Given that around 93% of New Zealand children receive the primary whooping cough schedule, even if parents don’t give them all the others, most of the cases of whooping cough have been appropriately vaccinated against whooping cough. That is actually admitted in other medical articles elsewhere, and has been for some time. Maybe now you are aware of that, you will rethink the appropriateness and validity of your comments.

What is Grant&#039;s &quot;solutions&quot;?  Same old, same old.  MORE pertussis vaccines, and more &quot;timely&quot; vaccinations.  He can’t bring himself to admit that pertussis hits vaccinated children.  The problem Cameron Grant has, is that there has never been a time in history when New Zealanders have had MORE pertussis vaccines, and been &quot;MORE timely&quot; than now, yet pertussis is now three times as common as it was before vaccines were introduced.  He admits it’s increased, but dodges the fact that the vaccination is useless.

Note this comment though.  &quot;National (1992 and 2005) and regional (1996) estimates that used methods recommended by the World Health Organization provide the most accurate measure of immunisation coverage. Based upon these surveys the percentage of children fully immunised at age 2 years has increased from 60% in 1992 to 77% in 2005. &quot;

That is a false measure of pertussis vaccination rates, and he knows it, because over 90% of all babies are completely up to date on pertussis vaccine.  The &quot;two year old&quot; marker is actually the marker for the additional vaccines, like MMR, prevnar etc... so what Grant is doing here, is fudging the data, to make it look like pertussis vaccination rates are a problem, when they are not. 

He has no option than to do this, because to tell the truth would alert parents to the fact that worldwide, the pertussis vaccine is useless.

In 2010 “ Vaccination status was known for 551 (63.1%) cases notified during 2010 (Table 19). Of these, 247 (44.8%) cases were not vaccinated, (In other words, 55.4% were)  including 11 cases aged less than six weeks and therefore not eligible for vaccination. A total of 151 (27.4%) cases had received three or more doses of pertussis vaccine. “   http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRpt.pdf and http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRptTables.pdf  

Anyone who knows the medical literature, and medical history of pertussis, knows that the New Zealand whooping cough vaccine hasn&#039;t made any difference to the historical course of, or progression of the disease in any age group whatsoever. Quite contrary to the Ministry of Health mantra on whooping cough, who gets infected, is a lottery depending on whether or not they’ve been exposed.  Not everyone will be exposed all the time.  But one thing is for sure.  Anyone who gives birth in hospital, has a much higher chance of being exposed to it, than a person who delivers in a country maternity unit.  Yet even they, if there is pertussis circulating in the community has a chance, since all the well wishers who may well be carrying pertussis and not know it, gather around to coo over, and potentially infect your baby.

The only people in denial about the realities surrounding pertussis, are the likes of Cameron Grant, and people who need a scapegoat for a useless vaccine, so blame the &quot;unvaccinated&quot;.

One of the biggest unrecognised sources of infection are vaccinated adolescents and adults, who as the literature shows, are unlikely to get diagnosed at all. Whooping cough isn&#039;t the same in adults, as it is in children. In adults, whooping cough can manifest itself as a cold, then a persistent irritating but &quot;nothing much&quot; cough for a couple of weeks.

That is why in most countrie&#039;s the Health Departments now say that where a family has a new baby, parents, grandparents, aunties, childworkers etc, should all be vaccinated to try to cocoon the baby, because in many instances, it&#039;s the mother, or father, or grandparent who just thinks they have an innocent cold, who give the baby &quot;whooping cough&quot;.

However, as the American experience is showing - and relatively rapidly – this new approach isn&#039;t working either. Here is USA vaccine coverage by state and by vaccine, from the CDC, 2008-09, upon kindergarden entry - click on the vaccine and you get a state breakdown. California for example had 168% coverage in 08-09 for pertussis, (!!) but had outbreaks anyway.... 

http://www2.cdc.gov/nip/schoolsurv/nationalAvg.asp

The key to understanding a problem, is to study the know information, the medical literature and medical history, and realise that not everything is as simple as you&#039;d like people to imagine.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Annabell, I&#8217;m sorry to hear that your baby was so sick at such a young age, I can imagine it must have been very stressful for you, however before you lay blame I really think you need to do a bit more research, I am happy to help you out there.</p>
<p>First something to consider is the fact that the rates of vaccination against whooping cough in this country and Australia, and USA (where they are having their biggest outbreaks of whooping cough since vaccination started&#8230;) are the highest they have ever been in the history of each country. </p>
<p>Please feel free to check out what I&#8217;m about to say, with either a medical text, or your doctor:</p>
<p>For a baby to show symptoms of whooping cough at four weeks of age, they have to have been exposed to whooping cough at or just after birth.  Why?  because this is how whooping cough is caught:</p>
<p>1) Exposure and a few days to incubate.</p>
<p>2) What seems like a mild cold for about a week, which then disappears. Everyone relaxes&#8230;</p>
<p>3) A few days later a cough starts, which seems like nothing, but steadily gets worse.</p>
<p>4) Diagnosis is usually made a couple of weeks into the coughing when the parents realise that this isn&#8217;t just a little inconvenient cough about to disappear, so this is when most parents go for help, and four weeks after exposure is about the usual time frame to diagnosis.</p>
<p>This information is recognised in the government handbook on pertussis: <a href="http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagesmh/4617/$File/2006-06pertussis.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/pagesmh/4617/$File/2006-06pertussis.pdf</a> </p>
<p>So.. if your baby was DIAGNOSED with whooping cough at four weeks, then the first exposure of your baby to whooping cough was around the time of birth.  If your baby was born in hospital, then that&#8217;s the place to catch whooping cough as this news item points out:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/18/3041031.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/18/3041031.htm</a></p>
<p>Now here&#8217;s a link for you, to an article on whooping cough in New Zealand written last year: <a href="http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1313/4080/" rel="nofollow">http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1313/4080/</a></p>
<p>Study it please.  Yes pertussis vaccination was available in 1945, and maximum uptake by 1955 when it was discontinued due to the polio, was 9% uptake.  Big deal.</p>
<p>As Grant&#8217;s graph shows in the article, even as the numbers of vaccinations have increased, and the ages at which they have been administered have been brought closer and closer to birth, the rate of whooping cough has gone UP.  In the 60&#8242;s it was 102/100,000 person years. Now it&#8217;s over 300/100,000.  Given that around 93% of New Zealand children receive the primary whooping cough schedule, even if parents don’t give them all the others, most of the cases of whooping cough have been appropriately vaccinated against whooping cough. That is actually admitted in other medical articles elsewhere, and has been for some time. Maybe now you are aware of that, you will rethink the appropriateness and validity of your comments.</p>
<p>What is Grant&#8217;s &#8220;solutions&#8221;?  Same old, same old.  MORE pertussis vaccines, and more &#8220;timely&#8221; vaccinations.  He can’t bring himself to admit that pertussis hits vaccinated children.  The problem Cameron Grant has, is that there has never been a time in history when New Zealanders have had MORE pertussis vaccines, and been &#8220;MORE timely&#8221; than now, yet pertussis is now three times as common as it was before vaccines were introduced.  He admits it’s increased, but dodges the fact that the vaccination is useless.</p>
<p>Note this comment though.  &#8220;National (1992 and 2005) and regional (1996) estimates that used methods recommended by the World Health Organization provide the most accurate measure of immunisation coverage. Based upon these surveys the percentage of children fully immunised at age 2 years has increased from 60% in 1992 to 77% in 2005. &#8221;</p>
<p>That is a false measure of pertussis vaccination rates, and he knows it, because over 90% of all babies are completely up to date on pertussis vaccine.  The &#8220;two year old&#8221; marker is actually the marker for the additional vaccines, like MMR, prevnar etc&#8230; so what Grant is doing here, is fudging the data, to make it look like pertussis vaccination rates are a problem, when they are not. </p>
<p>He has no option than to do this, because to tell the truth would alert parents to the fact that worldwide, the pertussis vaccine is useless.</p>
<p>In 2010 “ Vaccination status was known for 551 (63.1%) cases notified during 2010 (Table 19). Of these, 247 (44.8%) cases were not vaccinated, (In other words, 55.4% were)  including 11 cases aged less than six weeks and therefore not eligible for vaccination. A total of 151 (27.4%) cases had received three or more doses of pertussis vaccine. “   <a href="http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRpt.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRpt.pdf</a> and <a href="http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRptTables.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/PDF_surveillance/AnnualRpt/AnnualSurv/2010/2010AnnualSurvRptTables.pdf</a>  </p>
<p>Anyone who knows the medical literature, and medical history of pertussis, knows that the New Zealand whooping cough vaccine hasn&#8217;t made any difference to the historical course of, or progression of the disease in any age group whatsoever. Quite contrary to the Ministry of Health mantra on whooping cough, who gets infected, is a lottery depending on whether or not they’ve been exposed.  Not everyone will be exposed all the time.  But one thing is for sure.  Anyone who gives birth in hospital, has a much higher chance of being exposed to it, than a person who delivers in a country maternity unit.  Yet even they, if there is pertussis circulating in the community has a chance, since all the well wishers who may well be carrying pertussis and not know it, gather around to coo over, and potentially infect your baby.</p>
<p>The only people in denial about the realities surrounding pertussis, are the likes of Cameron Grant, and people who need a scapegoat for a useless vaccine, so blame the &#8220;unvaccinated&#8221;.</p>
<p>One of the biggest unrecognised sources of infection are vaccinated adolescents and adults, who as the literature shows, are unlikely to get diagnosed at all. Whooping cough isn&#8217;t the same in adults, as it is in children. In adults, whooping cough can manifest itself as a cold, then a persistent irritating but &#8220;nothing much&#8221; cough for a couple of weeks.</p>
<p>That is why in most countrie&#8217;s the Health Departments now say that where a family has a new baby, parents, grandparents, aunties, childworkers etc, should all be vaccinated to try to cocoon the baby, because in many instances, it&#8217;s the mother, or father, or grandparent who just thinks they have an innocent cold, who give the baby &#8220;whooping cough&#8221;.</p>
<p>However, as the American experience is showing &#8211; and relatively rapidly – this new approach isn&#8217;t working either. Here is USA vaccine coverage by state and by vaccine, from the CDC, 2008-09, upon kindergarden entry &#8211; click on the vaccine and you get a state breakdown. California for example had 168% coverage in 08-09 for pertussis, (!!) but had outbreaks anyway&#8230;. </p>
<p><a href="http://www2.cdc.gov/nip/schoolsurv/nationalAvg.asp" rel="nofollow">http://www2.cdc.gov/nip/schoolsurv/nationalAvg.asp</a></p>
<p>The key to understanding a problem, is to study the know information, the medical literature and medical history, and realise that not everything is as simple as you&#8217;d like people to imagine.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Annabell</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-91</link>
		<dc:creator>Annabell</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Apr 2011 00:03:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-91</guid>
		<description>Makes me sick, the the fact that my 4 week old son got whooping cough and nearly died was because of the decline in people immunizing their children. I think some of you need to take a walk though a childrens hospital where there are kids that are really really sick, the loose limbs, that are brain damage and even die because of not vaccinating. I think people need to have a good look at the history books too because if the polio vaccine wasn&#039;t introduced kids would have continued being damaged and dying a lot longer with out vaccination and yes it may have decined naturally but only after alot more kids where lost to it!!

Honestly you guys need to put the liturature up here that has proven wrong the link with autism. Fact is 15months is when the signs start showing and its something for parents to put blame to when grieving. 

PLEASE people websites like this and google are not the places to get your research from not to vaccinate!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Makes me sick, the the fact that my 4 week old son got whooping cough and nearly died was because of the decline in people immunizing their children. I think some of you need to take a walk though a childrens hospital where there are kids that are really really sick, the loose limbs, that are brain damage and even die because of not vaccinating. I think people need to have a good look at the history books too because if the polio vaccine wasn&#8217;t introduced kids would have continued being damaged and dying a lot longer with out vaccination and yes it may have decined naturally but only after alot more kids where lost to it!!</p>
<p>Honestly you guys need to put the liturature up here that has proven wrong the link with autism. Fact is 15months is when the signs start showing and its something for parents to put blame to when grieving. </p>
<p>PLEASE people websites like this and google are not the places to get your research from not to vaccinate!!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: michelle</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-90</link>
		<dc:creator>michelle</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Apr 2011 06:40:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-90</guid>
		<description>Smallpox would have declined in the same way as all the other illnesses which were rife at that time, thanks to better hygiene, better living conditions, better diet and lifestyle.

Check out the chapter in that book about Leicester and how they managed smallpox outbreaks and how the illness declined despite the city never using the vaccine.

I also wouldn’t be too sure that small pox has actually been “eradicated” http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57663/ seems to me that the name has just been changed, how convenient.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Smallpox would have declined in the same way as all the other illnesses which were rife at that time, thanks to better hygiene, better living conditions, better diet and lifestyle.</p>
<p>Check out the chapter in that book about Leicester and how they managed smallpox outbreaks and how the illness declined despite the city never using the vaccine.</p>
<p>I also wouldn’t be too sure that small pox has actually been “eradicated” <a href="http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57663/" rel="nofollow">http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57663/</a> seems to me that the name has just been changed, how convenient.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Paul</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-89</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 09 Apr 2011 12:17:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-89</guid>
		<description>Michelle, the book you linked above that was written in 1920 and includes references from medical studies from as far back as 1815 is interesting, it suggests there is a link between vaccinations and subsequent epidemics, in particular smallpox. 

But due to its age, it does not have any information on how smallpox was subsequently eradicated, even in the presence of increased vaccination.

Has there been a follow up?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michelle, the book you linked above that was written in 1920 and includes references from medical studies from as far back as 1815 is interesting, it suggests there is a link between vaccinations and subsequent epidemics, in particular smallpox. </p>
<p>But due to its age, it does not have any information on how smallpox was subsequently eradicated, even in the presence of increased vaccination.</p>
<p>Has there been a follow up?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: neo</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-88</link>
		<dc:creator>neo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 06 Apr 2011 11:41:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-88</guid>
		<description>If vaccines are not effective, why do the vast majority of measles cases in developed countries occur in unvaccinated people?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If vaccines are not effective, why do the vast majority of measles cases in developed countries occur in unvaccinated people?</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Michelle</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-87</link>
		<dc:creator>Michelle</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Mar 2011 07:03:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-87</guid>
		<description>Geoff, I&#039;d say Scott looked at the story of the smallpox vaccine and that&#039;s how he&#039;s come to the conclusion that vaccines are not what they&#039;re constantly sold to be!

Take a look here http://www.drcarley.com/Horrors_of_Vaccination_Exposed.pdf to find out the truth about the smallpox vaccine and the devastation it caused.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Geoff, I&#8217;d say Scott looked at the story of the smallpox vaccine and that&#8217;s how he&#8217;s come to the conclusion that vaccines are not what they&#8217;re constantly sold to be!</p>
<p>Take a look here <a href="http://www.drcarley.com/Horrors_of_Vaccination_Exposed.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.drcarley.com/Horrors_of_Vaccination_Exposed.pdf</a> to find out the truth about the smallpox vaccine and the devastation it caused.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Geoff</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-83</link>
		<dc:creator>Geoff</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Feb 2011 20:03:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-83</guid>
		<description>E Scott may like to look at the story of Small Pox before he considers all vaccines to be bad.

Cheers

Geoff</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>E Scott may like to look at the story of Small Pox before he considers all vaccines to be bad.</p>
<p>Cheers</p>
<p>Geoff</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: scott</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-9</link>
		<dc:creator>scott</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jul 2010 22:58:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-9</guid>
		<description>Hi Sheldon
We have 3 under 3 years old and any &quot;vaccination&quot; is a no go at all costs. The fact is there is no proof of effectiveness and significant evidence of the potential for harm. Frankly, I do not care what other people think of me in regard to taking a natural immunity approach. It is my job to protect my family. I do that by avoiding the injection of synthetic, potentially dangerous chemicals into their bodies, feeding them a high protein, low carbohydrate diet, supplementing them with appropriate vitamin D3 among other &quot;natural&quot; practices. VAX = NO GO. - Scott E</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Sheldon<br />
We have 3 under 3 years old and any &#8220;vaccination&#8221; is a no go at all costs. The fact is there is no proof of effectiveness and significant evidence of the potential for harm. Frankly, I do not care what other people think of me in regard to taking a natural immunity approach. It is my job to protect my family. I do that by avoiding the injection of synthetic, potentially dangerous chemicals into their bodies, feeding them a high protein, low carbohydrate diet, supplementing them with appropriate vitamin D3 among other &#8220;natural&#8221; practices. VAX = NO GO. &#8211; Scott E</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Sheldon Nesdale</title>
		<link>http://www.ias.org.nz/informed-consent/informed-consent/comment-page-1/#comment-8</link>
		<dc:creator>Sheldon Nesdale</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jul 2010 21:56:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ias.org.nz/?p=271#comment-8</guid>
		<description>My wife and I have decided not to vaccinate our son (now 1 year old). We feel pressure from various groups such as child care centres and Doctors, but we did the research and we stand by our decision.  I am now immensely suspicious of the motives of the drug companies which fund radio ads such as those for the HPV vaccine.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My wife and I have decided not to vaccinate our son (now 1 year old). We feel pressure from various groups such as child care centres and Doctors, but we did the research and we stand by our decision.  I am now immensely suspicious of the motives of the drug companies which fund radio ads such as those for the HPV vaccine.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
</channel>
</rss>

<!-- Served from: www.ias.org.nz @ 2012-02-04 02:30:01 by W3 Total Cache -->
